中国天然气工业发展前景与挑战

中国天然气工业在改善我国能源结构、大力推动低碳经济发展过程中获得了前所未有的大发展。我国天然气资源丰富,目前已建成了鄂尔多斯、新疆2大油气区和四川、南海西部2大气区,天然气骨干管网逐步形成,天然气市场不断拓展,天然气工业体系初步形成。我国天然气资源分布具有明显的不均衡性,剩余资源量主要分布在岩性地层、前陆盆地冲断带、叠合盆地深层、成熟探区深层以及海洋等领域。从勘探的现实性看,碳酸盐岩风化壳地层油气藏、深层碎屑岩以及非常规油气等领域是未来天然气发展的重点,海相页岩气勘探突破、煤层气稳步发展,非常规天然气显现出良好的发展前景。从勘探发现潜力看,地层油气藏、深层、海域深水和致密油气是未来寻找大油气田的重点勘探领域。随着勘探程度的不断提高、勘探深度的不断增加,油气勘探成本总体呈现出明显的上升势头。天然气勘探新发现与储量增长更加依赖于理论技术进步,三维地震、水平井和压裂等工程技术作用更加凸显。通过增加天然气勘探开发投入、加强核心技术攻关,我国天然气工业仍将持续保持快速发展的良好态势。

Prospects of and challenges to natural gas industry development in China

Unprecedented breakthrough has been made over the past decades in natural gas industry, which helps improve energy mix and promote the low carbon economy in China. With such abundant hydrocarbon resources, China owns two intensive oil and gas producing blocks in the Ordos Basin and Xinjiang province and two other concentrated gas producing blocks in Sichuan and Western South Sea. In addition, arterial gas lines have been connected as a gas grid all over China and natural gas market has become more and more mature and expanded. Thus, a natural gas industry system has come into being. However, with natural gas unevenly scattering all across China, the remnant resources mainly are distributed in the stratigraphic strata, deep strata in superimposed basins or in mature exploration zones, foreland basin thrust belts, marine gas fields, and so on. In reality, the future gas exploration should focus on such domains as the weathered crust karst reservoirs or carbonate and stratigraphic traps, deep clastic gas layers, and unconventional oil and gas plays. Achievements have been made in marine shale gas exploration, CBM gas steady development, and other unconventional natural gas resources. From the perspective of exploration potential, more giant oil and gas fields will be possibly discovered in deep strata or deep sea water, and stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs and tight oil and gas reservoirs will also be the exploration focus. With the increase of exploration depth and degree, the overall oil and gas exploration cost will be significantly rising in general. New discoveries or reserves increase in natural gas exploration will highly depend upon research theory and technology progress, and such development technologies as 3D seismic survey, horizontal drilling and fracturing treatment will be more highlighted. Through enhancing the cost in natural gas exploration and development and strengthening the research of core technologies, natural gas industry will keep the trend of rapid growth in near future in China.