Effect of lattice distortion on bandgap decrement due to vanadium substitution in TiO2 nanoparticles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP 452020, India;2. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Near Rajendra Nagar, Indore, MP 452012, India;1. Metallurgical and Material Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India;2. Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India;3. Electronic Engg., Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan;1. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Khandwa Road, Indore 452020, India;2. Centre of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Khandwa Road, Indore 452020, India;1. School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Gitam Institute of Sciences, GITAM, Visakhapatnam 530045, India;3. Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Spain;4. Departament de Química Inorgànica i Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 645 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620017, India;2. Department of Physics, Scott Christian College, (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629003, India;3. Department of Physics, AVVM Sri Pushpam College, (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur 613503, India;4. ECMS Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630006, India;5. Department of Physics, Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering & Technology, Karaikudi 630003, India;1. Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan;2. School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan;3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan;5. Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Here we present a simple and effective way of bandgap tuning by V-substitution in TiO2. The nanoparticles of Ti(1-x)VxO2 (for 0≤x≤0.09) were prepared by controlled and simplified sol-gel method. The pure anatase phase of TiO2 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Debye-scherrer formula and Williamson-Hall plot give crystallite size decreases from 10.8 to 8.2 nm when strain increases from 0.019 to 0.027 for x=0 to x=0.09. Rietveld refinement show the systematic change in crystal structure with the amount of V-substitutions. Raman shift and broadening of FWHM of first Eg (145.52 cm−1) mode observed in Raman spectroscopy follow interestingly the similar and correlated observation with XRD outcomes. FESEM and UHRTEM represent pictorial view of the morphology of the nanoparticles with information about different micro-agglomerations and crystallinity. The oxidation states and local environment of elements in nanoparticles were studied using XANES. V-substitution in TiO2 shows band gap moderation: band gap decreases gradually with substitution from 3.06–2.02 eV as concentration of V increases from x=0.0 to 0.09. This extends the application of TiO2 in UV as well as visible light whereas the application of pure TiO2 is limited in only UV region. The results of SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy are correlated well with lattice distortion and the lattice distortion gives the Urbach energy. We reach to the conclusion that the effective bandgap decreases may be due to creation of impurity energy levels or Urbach energy tails just above valance band and below conduction band. |
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| Keywords: | Sol-gel Nanoparticles Lattice distortion Bandgap tuning Urbach energy |
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