需求侧能量共享:概念、机制与展望

分布式可再生能源的蓬勃发展为建设清洁高效智能电网提供了新途径,但同时也导致了需求侧用户行为更随机、能量管理更困难、设备利用更低效等问题。为应对这些新挑战,充分调动需求侧灵活性,能量共享作为一种分布式运营新范式应运而生。文中给出了需求侧能量共享的概念,分析了其在平抑不确定性、提升运行经济性和提高设备利用效率等方面的潜力,并对能量共享机制的设计要点及基本要求进行了详细阐述。在此基础上,从合作博弈与非合作博弈2个角度将国内外能量共享机制设计相关研究归纳为5类,总结了当前的研究进展与亟待解决的问题。最后,从需求侧能量共享市场内部设计与外部衔接2个方面,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Energy Sharing at Demand Side: Concept, Mechanism and Prospect

The prevalence of distributed renewable energy provides a new way to construct clean and efficient smart grids. Meanwhile, it also leads to some difficulties at the demand side such as more random behaviors of end users, more difficult energy management, and less efficient equipment utilization. To deal with these new challenges and fully invoke demand-side flexibility, energy sharing which is an innovative distributed operation paradigm emerges as a response. This paper presents the concept of demand-side energy sharing and analyzes its potential in smoothing uncertainty, enhancing operation economy and improving equipment utilization efficiency. The key points and basic requirements in designing energy sharing mechanism are elaborated. On this basis, the domestic and international research on energy sharing mechanism design is summarized into five categories from the perspectives of cooperative game and non-cooperative game. Current research progress and remaining problems are also concluded. Further, future research direction is previewed from two aspects, i.e. the internal design and external connection of the demand-side energy sharing market.