河蚬营养成分的提取及其生理功能研究进展

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)是一种双壳类软体动物,富含蛋白质、多糖、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质及维生素等营养物质,具有清热解毒、醒酒护肝、利尿明目等多种生理功能。近年来,研究发现河蚬提取物能够抑制肝癌细胞HepG-2的生长,清除O2^-·、·OH、DPPH·自由基,降低血清胆固醇,甘油三酯的含量,促进胆固醇代谢,减少动脉粥样硬化,调控乙醇代谢过程中的关键酶细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)的表达,降低对人体有害自由基的生成,抑制脂质过氧化反应,减少脂质过氧化物的生成,可以有效缓解酒精对肝脏造成的损伤。本文主要阐述了河蚬的营养成分、提取方式、生理功能及其开发研究现状,为实现河蚬精深加工以及工业化生产提供理论依据。

Research progress in extraction of nutritional ingredients and their physiological functions of Corbicula fluminea

Corbicula fluminea is a bivalve mollusk which contains abundant nutritional ingredients,such as proteins,polysaccharides,unsaturated fatty acids,minerals and vitamins.It has exhibited a variety of physicological functions,including cleaning heat and detoxicating,sobering up and protecting liver,diuresis and improvement of eyesight.In recent years,the study found the C.fluminea extract can inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells HepG-2,scavenge O2^-·、·OH and DPPH·free radicals,reduce serum cholesterol(total cholesterol)and triglyceride level,promote the metabolism of cholesterol,reduce atherosclerosis,regulate the expression of CYP2E1 key enzymes in the process of ethanol metabolism,reduce the generation of harmful free radicals,inhibit lipid peroxidation and reduce the generation of lipid peroxides,and effectively alleviate the damage caused by alcohol to the liver.This paper mainly reviewed the nutritional ingredients,extraction methods,physiological functions and developments of C.fluminea,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing and industrial production of C.fluminea.