湖南省环洞庭湖地区日常食用鱼脂肪酸的组成与分析

目的分析湖南省环洞庭湖地区消费量较大的3种不同食性鱼类不同部位脂肪酸的组成及差异。方法选取长沙、岳阳和常德市具有代表性的鱼类,取其背部、腹部等可食部分。利用气相色谱法对其脂肪酸含量进行测定及统计分析,获得脂肪酸指纹图谱。结果3种鱼类饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,含量为272~1198mg/100g,单不饱和脂肪酸以油酸为主,含量为340~974mg/100g,多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoicacid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoicacid,DHA)含量较高,含量为517~1283 mg/100 g。其中肉食性的鲈鱼其鱼腹和鱼背的(EPA+DHA)含量较高,杂食性的鲤鱼其鱼腹和鱼背的油酸和花生四烯酸占比较高,滤食性的鲢鱼其鱼身和鱼头的α-亚麻酸(α-linolenicacid)含量相对较高。结论鱼类产品脂肪酸的组成与其食性有关,3种鱼类均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的食用价值。

Fatty acid composition analysis of daily edible fish around Dongting lake area in Hunan

Objective To analyze the fatty acids composition and difference in different parts of the 3 kinds of high consumption fish around Dongting lake area in Hunan region.Methods Representative fish from Changsha,Yueyang and Changde were selected and the edible parts such as the back and abdomen were taken.The fatty acid content was determined and statistically analyzed by gas chromatography,and the fatty acid fingerprint was obtained.Results The saturated fatty acids of the 3 fish species were mainly palmitic acid with the concentration of 272-1198 mg/100 g,the monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly oleic acid with the content of 340-974 mg/100 g,and the mainly composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids were EPA and DHA with the content of 517-1283 mg/100 g.Especially,the contents of EPA and DHA in the abdomen and back of carnivorous Lateolabrax japonicus were higher,the oleic acid and arachidonic acid contents in the abdomen and back of omnivorous Cyprinus carpio were higher,theα-linolenic acid content in the body and head of filter-feeding Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was higher.Conclusion The fatty acid composition of the fish is related to their feeding habits,and the unsaturated fatty acids are abundant in the 3 kinds of fish,which possess a high nutritional value.