减压渣油在柱形超声聚能反应器中的改质降黏

 设计和开发了柱形超声聚能反应器，研究了超声波输出电压、作用方式、作用时间、作用温度对减压渣油改质降黏的影响，还对超声波处理后渣油黏度的恢复、凝点下降和<500℃轻组分体积分数的变化进行了分析。结果表明，超声连续辐照比脉冲辐照对减压渣油改质的降黏效果好；减压渣油黏度随超声波输出电压、作用时间的延长和温度的提高而下降。在20kHz超声波的输出电压250V、温度180℃、时间60min的条件下，减压渣油40℃黏度的降黏率为26.8％，在40℃静置5d后其降黏率仍为24.4％，减压渣油中<500℃轻组分的体积分数增加了1.0％，凝点下降了1℃。

UPGRADING AND VISCOSITY REDUCING OF VACUUM RESIDUUM IN THE COLUMN REACTOR OF ULTRASONIC FOCUSED

The column reactor of ultrasonic focused was designed and prepared for vacuum residuum upgrading and viscosity reducing. The effects of the ultrasonic output voltage, ultrasonic irradiation style, reaction time and temperature on the upgrading and viscosity reducing were studied. The viscosity recovery, the pour point and the ratio of cutter oils below 500℃ of the vacuum residuum were also investigated. It was shown that the 40℃ viscosity of residuum was reducing with the increase of ultrasonic output voltage, the extending of the reaction time and the rising of reaction temperature. The results of continuous ultrasonic irradiation were better than those of pulse irradiation. The ratio of 40℃ viscosity reducing was 26.8% under the best conditions of 20 kHz ultrasonic output voltage 250 V, reaction temperature 180℃ and reaction time 60 min. The ratio of 40℃ viscosity reducing was still about 24.4% after standing for 5 d at 40℃. The volume ratio of cutter oils below 500℃ of the vacuum residuum was increased by 1.0%. The pour point droppedabout 1℃.