碳的结构及其同素异性体

从碳原子的电子排布、杂化轨道的形成开始，简略地介绍了各种不同特性的碳同素异性体及其分类。在此基础上，根据Heimann平面三角碳相图，讨论了各种碳同素异体的内在联系。即通过调节归一化的杂化轨道表达式sp∧n的n值来表示任何形态和结构的碳同素异性体。最后，提出了引入氢后改进的正四面体炭和碳的相图，这个相图可以同时表达炭同素异性体和无定性炭，并可由此理解不同烃类转化为炭或碳的过程。总之对各种结构和形态碳和炭的内在联系和分类方法的研究，将对新形态炭的发现和新性质的解释有重要意义。

STRUCTURE AND ISOMERS OFCARBON

This paper discusses the ability of carbon element to form different hybridized orbital that accounts for its rich isomer and summarizes the old and new discovered carbon isomers including diamond,graphite,carbyne,fullerene and nanotubes.Heimann's triangular phase diagram on classification of isomers is also briefly introduced,in which all of carbon isomers are comprised and connected with each other only by adjusting then n value of sp n .Based on Heimann's phase diagram,the authors propose a new tetrahedron H C phase diagram,which not only can further denote the H containing amorphous carbon,but also can show the transformation process of hydrocarbon to carbon.All these studies about the inherent relation between diverse carbon isomer will generate a wealth of information and will lead to the discovery of new forms of carbon and will be of great help to interpretation of new properties of novel carbons,such as special properties of nanotubes or fullerenes.