高放废物地质处置及其若干关键科学问题

如何安全处置高水平放射性废物是科学、技术和工程界所面临的挑战性问题。在介绍国内外最新研究进展的基础上，重点讨论高放废物地质处置的若干关键科学问题：处置库场址地质演化的精确预测、深部地质环境特征、多场耦合条件下（中（高）温、地壳应力、水力作用、化学作用、生物作用和辐射作用等）深部岩体、地下水和工程材料的行为、低浓度超铀放射性核素的地球化学行为与随地下水迁移行为及处置系统的安全评价。同时，介绍了国外若干重大科研项目和若干研究热点问题。

GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND ITS KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES

Safe disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific and technological world. This paper introduces the latest progress of high level radioactive waste disposal programs in the world,and discusses the key scientific issues as follows:(1) the precise prediction of the evolution of a repository site;(2) the characteristics of deep geological environment;(3) the behaviour of deep rock mass,groundwater and engineering material under coupled conditions(intermediate to high temperatures,geostress,hydraulic,chemical,biological and radiation process,etc);(4) the geochemical behaviour of transuranic radionuclides with low concentration and its movement with groundwater;and (5) the safety assessment of disposal system. Several large-scale research projects and several hot topics related with high-level waste disposal are also introduced.