近50年来黄河输沙量变化特征及原因分析

收集了黄河重要干流水文站和一些主要支流近50年的输沙量及径流量数据,应用数理统计方法研究了输沙量绝对值和相对径流量的多年变化情况。结果表明:黄河干流除上游唐乃亥站输沙量相对径流量有升高趋势外,其他各站输沙量的绝对值和相对径流量的变化趋势为减少或基本保持不变,这主要是大量水库的拦沙作用和水土保持措施的实施造成的;各支流输沙量的绝对值和相对径流量变化也以减少或不变为主,但黄河中游产沙区的几条主要支流在径流量下降的情况下输沙量相对径流量却没有显著变化,这主要是由该地区的自然地理特征决定的。

Analysis on Characteristics and Reasons of Sediment Discharge Variation of the Yellow River in Last 50 Years

It collects the data of sediment discharge and runoff depth of key hydrometric stations of the Yellow River and its main tributaries in the last 50 years and studies the normal variation of absolute value of sediment discharge and relative runoff depth by using mathematical statistics.The outcomes show that the variation trends of absolute value of sediment discharge and relative runoff depth of all stations of the main river reduces or basically keeps the same except Tangnaihe Station on the upper reaches which the trend of sediment discharge increases comparing with the runoff depth.This is mainly caused by the debris-retaining reservoirs and soil and water conservation measures.The variations of absolute value of sediment discharge and relative runoff depth of each tributary are also mainly reduced or kept the same.While the sediment discharge of main tributaries situated in sediment contributing area of the middle river has no obvious changes comparing with the runoff depth under the conditions of runoff depth reduction.