短程硝化颗粒污泥的培养与特性分析

在SBR反应器中，接种普通活性污泥，以沉降时间为选择要素，逐渐提高氨氮负荷成功培养了以氨氧化细菌（AOB）为优势菌的好氧硝化颗粒污泥，其形态近似为球形或椭圆形，平均粒径1．1mm，平均沉降速率为1．9cm·S-1，SVI在18．2～31．4mL·g-1之间，对氨氮的去除率达95％，亚硝酸盐积累率维持在809／6～90％。颗粒污泥形成后，氨氧负荷达到了0．0455kgNH4＋-N（kgMLSS·d）-1，与启动期相比，提高了4．55倍。分子生物学FISH技术对颗粒污泥茵群结构的定量分析表明，AOB占全部茵群的14．9oA左右，NoB占0．89oA左右。反应初期高FA和反应后期高FNA的共同作用可能是该研究中实现和维持稳定短程硝化的关键。

Cultivation and Characteristics Analysis of Nitrifying Granules in Sequencing Batch Reactor

A SBR inoculated with conventional activated sludge was employed to cultivate aerobic granular sludge. Under the selective pressure of settling time, the formation of nitrifying granules enriched with the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） was achieved by increasing the nitrogen loading rate （NLR）. The nitrifying granule was shaped like a sphere or a ellipsoid with an equivalent diameter of approximate 1. 1 ram, an average settling velocity of 1.9 cm . s land the sludge volume index of 18. 2-31.4 mL . g -1. As the aerobic granular system was operated stably, the NLR reached a value of 0. 045 5 kgNH4 ＋-N . （kg MLSS . d） -1 with ammonia removal efficiency above 95% and nitrite accumulation ratio in the range of 80-90%. The NLR was 4.55 times higher than that of the start-up period. The enrichment of the nitrifying bacteria was quantified by FISH analysis which indicated that AOB was 14.9% of the total bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） was 0.89%. It is concluded that the associated inhibition of FA at the start of the reaction and FNA at the end of the reaction would be the key factors to start up and maintain the stable nitritation.