新时期三门峡水库的地位和功能

三门峡水库投入运用以来，在确保黄河下游防洪、防凌安全等方面发挥了巨大的作用，在水库调度、机组抗磨蚀等方面取得了丰硕成果，为多泥沙河流水库如何长期保持有效库容探索出了一条成功之路。小浪底水库修建后，根据黄河治理开发规划及黄河下游洪水处理调度和水资源综合利用的要求，三门峡水库仍须承担相当繁重的任务：①按照小浪底水库设计要求，只有当小浪底、三门峡、故县、陆浑4座水库联合调度时，黄河下游才能达到千年一遇防洪标准。小浪底水库死库容淤积完后，需要三门峡水库配合运用的防洪库容将更大。②当黄河下游发生严重凌情时，小浪底正常运用后的库容不能满足下游防凌的要求，仍需要三门峡与小浪底两水库联合控制。③随着黄河流域经济的快速发展，三门峡水库将在未来的供水体系中占有十分重要的位置。④三门峡、小浪底和西霞院3座水利枢纽将组成梯级水库群，小浪底水库承上启下，发挥中心枢纽的作用，但小浪底水库库容也是有限的，一些问题仍需要三门峡水库配合才能得到解决。此外，三门峡水库建库初期，破坏了当地的自然环境，而投入运用40多年来，非汛期蓄水，汛期降低水位，经过自然的修复和人工的建设，在库区形成了独特的生态系统和自然环境，在库周形成了依托水库发展的社会经济模式，因此三门峡水库不仅承担着流域治理开发而赋予的任务，而且对库区自身的发展起着重要作用：①保护和改善库区湿地生态环境。②为库区沿岸工农业用水提供保障。③改善库区水质。④支撑三门峡市的发展。

Position and Function of Sanmenxia Reservoir in the New Age

After putting into operation, the Sanmenxia Reservoir has played huge function on ensuring the safety of flood control and ice run control of the lower Yellow River. It has scored great successes on the aspects of reservoir regulation and resistance to abrasion of units, exploring a successful method for long-term keeping effective storage capacity and lifetime of reservoir built on hyper sediment concentrated river. After completion of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and according to the requirements of development and planning of taming the Yellow River, management of floodwater in the lower reaches and integrated utilization of water resources, the Sanmenxia Reservoir still has the following strenuous tasks to undertake: a) According to the design requirements of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir that only as the four reservoirs of Xiaolangdi, Sanmenxia, Guxian and Luhun are jointly regulated the lower Yellow River can reach the standard of once in a thousand-year flood. When the dead storage capacity of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir is filled up, the storage capacity for flood control need to be cooperated with the Sanmenxia Reservoir will be bigger. b) The storage capacity of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir can not meet the requirements of ice run control in the lower reaches after its normal operation if serious ice run regime in the lower reaches happens. It still needs to control the two reservoirs jointly. c) Along with the rapid development of the Yellow River basin economy, the Sanmenxia Reservoir has an extremely important position in water supply system in the future. d) The three reservoirs of Sanmenxia, Xiaolangdi and Xixiayuan will be formed as a reservoir group in cascade. Although the Xiaolangdi Reservoir will play the function of the heart of key water control projects and form a connecting link between what comes before and what goes after, while the storage capacity is limited and some problems only can be solved through the cooperation of the Sanmenxia Reservoir. In addition, at the early stage of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, it had destroyed the local natural environment. After putting into operation, storing water in non-flood season, lowering the water level in flood season and through natural rehabilitation and artificial construction for more than 40 years, a unique ecological system and natural environment has been formed in the reservoir area and a social and economic development mode relied on the reservoir formed in the surroundings. Therefore, it undertakes not only the tasks of river basin management and development, but also the following requirements of the reservoir itself: a) Protecting and improving ecological environment of the wetlands in reservoir area. b) Guaranteeing the water supply for agricultural and industrial consumption along the reservoir area. c) Improving water quality of the reservoir area. d) Supporting the development of Sanmenxia City.