重振"海上丝绸之路"第一大港雄风建设广州国际性港口和物流中心

“海上丝绸之路”形成于西汉，完善于东晋南朝，在隋唐宋时广州发展成为“海上丝绸之路”第一大港和世界东方港市。明清实行“海禁”，但广东经济较全面发展，民间对外贸易十分活跃，朝廷实行比较灵活政策，广州成为我国“海上丝绸之路”环球贸易的唯一大港，航线遍及亚、欧、美、澳各大洲。简介广州港的现状和存在问题，指出外贸货运量偏低、集装箱运输滞后、国际航线少的根本原因在于港口和航道不能适应国际通用的第四、五代集装箱船和散货轮日益大型化的通航要求，论证了建设南沙5万t级以上泊位深水大港和国际物流中心的必要性，以及区位交通、自然条件和市场环境等方面的可行性问题。认为建设南沙5万t级以上泊位大港区的技术关键在于合理选择新港址和开辟可持续发展的广州出海航道；并结合个人研究，提出了开发龙穴岛港区－矾石水道－铜鼓航道作为广州港出海航道的独立见解。

Build Guangzhou into an International Port and Logistic Centre

The Marine Silk Route beginning from Guangzhou came into being in West Han Dynasty and became perfect in East Jin and Southern Dynasties.Guangzhou became the top port of China's Marine Silk Route and the oriental habour city in the world in Dynasties of Sui,Tang and Song.Though ban on maritime trade with foreign countries was carried out during Dynasties of Ming and Qing,economy in Guangdong developed in an all_round way with non_governmental foreign trade being brisk since the royal government implemented flexible policies.Guangzhou thus became China's only big port of world trade along the Marine Silk Route with shipping lines connecting all over Asia,Europe,America and Australia.Based on present situation and existing problems of Guangzhou port,this paper points out that the crucial reason lies in that the port and its channel cannot meet requirements of navigation for container ships of 4th or 5th generation and large bulk freighters.The paper demonstrates the necessity of building a deepwater port with berths of over 50000tonnage and an international logistic centre in Nansha and its feasibility in regional communications,natural condition and market environment.The authors conclude that the technical keys are,firstly,to select rationally a new port site,and secondly,to open up a sustainable sea_going navigation channel for Guangzhou and put forward original ideas of developing Longxue Isle__Fanshi Channel__Tonggu Channel to be the sea_going channel for Guangzhou Port.