Use of tissue plasminogen activator factor for acute ischemic stroke

Recently, a new isoform of the type II transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta RII) was identified. This isoform (TGF-beta RII2) contains an insertion of 25 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the receptor. Using RT-PCR the authors demonstrated that both TGF-beta RII1 and TGF-beta RII2 are expressed by chondrocytes in murine and human articular cartilage. Bovine articular chondrocytes expressed TGF-beta RII1 mRNA but did not express detectable levels of TGF-beta RII2 mRNA, suggesting that the new isoform does not play an important role in normal bovine cartilage physiology. Because TGF-beta responses seem to be age related and differential TGF-beta responses have been described between normal cartilage and cartilage undergoing repair the authors studied if the relative mRNA expression between these isoforms is altered during cartilage repair and aging. No differences in the relative mRNA expression of the two isoforms of the type II TGF-beta receptor could be demonstrated in murine cartilage during aging or during the repair phase after mild PG depletion indicating that it is unlikely that age-related TGF-beta responses and differential TGF-beta responses between normal cartilage and cartilage undergoing repair are the result of differences in the relative expression of the two TGF-beta RII isoforms.