重金属污染对葡萄生化及安全品质影响的研究进展

对国内外有关重金属对葡萄生理生化、安全品质影响及缓解措施的最新研究进展进行归纳总结,旨在为相关领域研究人员系统了解葡萄对重金属污染的响应及其缓解机理提供参考。重金属污染对葡萄根系和茎生长具有抑制作用,影响氮、铁等营养元素吸收,并能使葡萄叶片卷曲,抑制光合作用。重金属胁迫会引起葡萄氧化胁迫,比如膜脂过氧化和蛋白质损伤等,进而导致植物代谢紊乱,甚至植株死亡。重金属在葡萄植株中积累因其种类和葡萄品种不同而不同,总体而言,葡萄根、茎、叶相对于葡萄果实对重金属的富集能力更强。在重金属污染的葡萄园内施用含硅材料和有机物类肥料,可以起到缓解重金属毒害,提升土壤环境质量的作用。

Effects of heavy metal pollution on physiological-biochemical indexes and safety quality of grapes

The latest researches related to the grapes physiological-biochemical characteristics and safety quality in domestic and aboard were summarized,which providing theoretical support for the research on heavy metal restoration technology to alleviate heavy metal toxicity and ensure the safety of grapes.It was suggested that the accumulation of heavy metals in grape plants would inhibit the growth of root and stem,occurring as leaf curl,poor absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and iron,oxidative stress,and damaging the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to inhibit photosynthesis.The stress of heavy metal on grape plants could also cause base mutation,membrane lipid peroxidation and protein damage then lead to metabolic disorders and even the death of plants.The accumulation of heavy metals in grape plants was influenced by kinds of heavy metal and varieties of grape.In general,roots,stems and leaves had stronger capability in the enrichment of heavy metals than fruits.Application of silicone-containing materials and organic materials in heavy metal contaminated vineyards could alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals and improve the quality of soil environment,thus preventing heavy metals from entering human bodies through the food chain.