胜利油田胜坨原油乳化特性研究

研究了胜利油田胜坨原油以及从中分离出的沥青、胶质和烷烃的乳化特性及其协同效应。结果表明,胜坨原油经稀释后能与酸性水、中性水及碱性水乳化形成超高含水量(>90%)w/o型乳状液。分散在烷烃中的沥青以及水相中存在的高价电解质对乳状液具有重要的稳定作用。在酸性尤其是碱性水中,胶质及沥青中所含的极性组分能与水相中的碱或酸反应生成少量低表面活性的水溶性表面活性剂,但不足以使w/o型乳状液破乳或转为o/w型。胶质与碱水之间的动态最低界面张力可达10~(-2)mN/m,与碱水乳化时,胶质和沥青之间存在最强的协同效应。

A Study on the Emulsifiable Characteristics of Shengtuo Crude Oil of Shengli Oil Field

The emulsifiable characteristics of Shengtuo crude oil of Shengli oil field arestudied. The individual emulsibility of asphalt, colloid matter and paraffin seperated fromthe crude oil and the synergistic actions among them are also studied. The results showthat the diluted crude oil can be emulsified to form water-in-oil emulsion with superhighwater phase valume (higher than 90%) though the water phase is acidic, neutral, or caus-tic. The asphalt dispersed in liquid hydrocarbons and the polyvalent electrolyte present inwater phase are responsible for the emulsion stability. The polar compoonent in the colloidmatter as well as in the asphalt can react wtih both alkali and acid in water phase to pro-duce some water-soluble surfactants whose concentration and interfacial activity are nothigh enough to break down the water-in-oil emulsion or to cause its phase inversion Thelowest dynamic interfactial tension beween the colloid matter and the caustic solution can be as low as 10~(-2)mN/m and the strongest synergistic action appears between the colloid matter and the asphalt in the case of emulsifying with caustic solution.