全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸替代物——新型含氟表面活性剂的研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸(PFOA/PFOS)由于存在有争议的环境污染和生物蓄积等问题,已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一,寻找能够替代PFOA/PFOS的新型含氟表面活性剂具有重要的意义.本文综述了可能替代PFOA/PFOS新型含氟表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并按照分子结构进行了分类,着重介绍了以下4类:①端基为CF₃O或(CF₃)₂N系列表面活性剂;②短氟链系列表面活性剂;③基于VDF或TFP系列表面活性剂;④全氟聚醚系列表面活性剂;同时对4类新型替代物的表面活性、生物降解性及在乳液聚合中的应用进行了归纳总结.目前PFOA/PFOS替代物的研究趋势,主要朝着降低含氟表面活性剂中氟元素比例、含减少氟链“有效长度”及插入N、O等杂原子等方向发展,使得新型含氟表活性剂更易降解、更环保、更安全.

Progress of new fluorinated surfactants alternatives for PFOA/PFOS

There are increasing debates about the problem of PFOA/PFOS in environmental pollution and bioaccumulation,which has become the focus of attention of the world. It has vital significance to look for novel fluorinated surfactants to replace PFOA/PFOS.The synthesis methods of new possible fluorinated surfactants alternatives of PFOS/PFOA are reviewed and categorized according to the characteristics of molecular structures. Four categories of alternatives:(1) surfactants including either a CF₃O or (CF₃)₂N end-group; (2) surfactants containing short fluorined chain; (3) surfactants based on VDF or TFP; (4) surfactants from fluorinated polyethers,are presented. Meanwhile,surface activity,biodegradability and application in emulision polymerization of four categories of alternatives are discussed. Preliminary analysis indicates that the current research trends of PFOA/PFOS alternatives mainly reduce the ratio of fluorine,shorten fluorine-containing chain "effective length",and insert N or O heteroatom in the fluorinated surfactants,so that the novel fluorinated surfactants are more degradable,more environmentally friendly,and safer.