中国油页岩干馏技术现状与发展趋势

中国油页岩资源丰富,换算成页岩油储量高达476亿吨.目前中国页岩油生产企业仍然采用以抚顺炉为主的干馏技术,该技术成熟稳定,但油收率不高.本文介绍了目前国内已投产运行和即将工业化的干馏技术以及曾经投入生产、后因多种原因停产的干馏技术.分析表明,我国油页岩产业正处于技术快速发展和产业成长阶段:为显著提高油收率,针对抚顺炉的改进技术已有一些进展,自主研发的成大气体热载体干馏工艺已经开始商业化运行,我国自主知识产权的固体热载体干馏技术出现.但依然存在诸多问题:国内干馏炉单炉处理量小、油收率偏低、半焦无法利用等问题亟需解决,国内固体热载体干馏自主技术依然处于试验阶段,引进国外先进的干馏技术尚没有实质性进展,国内页岩油回收技术亟待改进,油洗技术亟需完善和推广.

Current status and prospect of oil shale retorting technologies in China

China has abundant oil shale resources,which amount to 47.6×10⁹t shale oil. Now,the domestic enterprises produce shale oil mainly by the Fushun retort,which is characterized as mature technology,steady operation,but low oil recovery and limited capacity. In this paper several retorting technologies are introduced,including the technology being used,the technology to be commercialized,and the technology which was put into operation but discontinued. Analyses show that oil shale retorting in China is developing rapidly and growth of the industry is expected. The modified Fushun retort could increase oil recovery. Self-developed Chengda gas heat carrier retort has begun commercialized operation. Proprietary solid heat carrier retort has been developed. However,there are still many problems to be resolved,such as small single unit capacity,low oil recovery,utilization of semi-coke. Furthermore,the proprietary solid heat carrier retort is still in the experimental stage. No substantial progress has been made in import of foreign advanced retorting technology. In addition,oil recovery needs to be improved,and oil washing is still immature in China.