限碳背景下燃煤电厂对策分析与电化学催化还原技术进展

分析了目前CO₂减排的压力和趋势,以电化学催化还原为技术核心,结合燃煤排放特点,对电化学体系进行了优选,提出限碳背景下燃煤电厂的减排策略。在缓解日益严峻的CO₂减排和温室效应问题的同时,将大体量废弃的CO₂转化为具有利用价值的产品是碳捕集与利用的必由之路。对CO₂电化学催化还原技术的过程原理进行简要阐述,围绕电极、电解质、CO₂溶解性、反应器形式进行讨论,结合电化学催化还原技术特点和燃煤电厂结构特征,对大体量、低浓度CO₂电化学催化还原条件进行筛选,确定了以Cu基气体扩散电极-离子液体-连续式反应器为核心的基本电化学体系,进而提出燃煤电厂烟气中CO₂电化学催化还原对策,但在向实际应用转化过程中该技术仍面临非理想气源中杂质的影响、还原电流密度低引发的产物生成速率慢、电极寿命短、产物多样性伴随的分离及提纯难度大等障碍,为面向应用的技术发展指明了研究方向。

Countermeasure analysis and progress in electrochemical catalytic reduction technology of coal-fired power plants under carbon-limiting background

The current pressure and trend of CO₂ emission reduction were analyzed,and using electrocatalytic reduction as the technical core,combined with characteristics of coal-fired emissions,the selection of the electrochemical system was optimized,and the emission reduction strategies for coal-fired power plants under the background of carbon limitation was put forward.In order to alleviate the increasingly serious problems of CO₂ emission reduction and greenhouse effect,it is the inevitable choice for carbon capture and utiliza?tion to transform the large volume of discarded CO₂ into usable products.In this paper,the process principle of CO₂ catalytic reduction technology was briefly clarified,and the electrode,electrolyte,solubility of CO₂ and reactor form were discussed.Combined with the charac?teristics of electrochemical catalytic reduction technology and the structural characteristics of coal-fired power plants,the electrochemi?cal catalytic reduction conditions of large volume and low concentration CO₂ were filtered,the basic electrochemical system with Cu based gas diffusion electrode-ionic liquid-continuous reactor as the core was determined.Furthermore,the countermeasures for the electro?chemical catalytic reduction of CO₂ in the flue gas of coal-fired power plants were proposed.However,in the process of transforming the technology into practical application,the technology still faces obstacles,such as the influence of impurities in non-ideal gas source,slow product generation rate caused by low reduction current density,short electrode life,and difficult separation and purification associated with product diversity,which points out the research direction for the development of application-oriented technology.