Effect of long-term hyperosmolality on the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE-3 in LLC-PK1 cells

Communication is an important cornerstone to the physician-patient relationship when considering advance directives. Discussing advance directives with patients is a process best initiated in routine, well-adult care that can be made more daunting when the patient is critically ill; yet, when patients are afflicted with cancer, communication on advance directives can be optimized when the primary care physician and oncologist together work with the patient. The need to counsel patients on advance directives regardless of the venue (whether inpatient or outpatient) highlights that an ongoing alliance between the oncologist and the primary care physician can help facilitate consent to, and allow periodic review of, advance directives by cancer patients. This process ensures that the patient's preferences are respected at life's end.