Heat balance and tracer gas technique for airflow rates measurement and gaseous emissions quantification in naturally ventilated livestock buildings |
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Authors: | M Samer C LoebsinM Fiedler C AmmonW Berg P SanftlebenR Brunsch |
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Affiliation: | a Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany b State Institute for Agriculture and Fishery MV, Institute of Animal Production, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany c Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, El-Gammaa Street, 12613 Giza, Egypt |
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Abstract: | Experiments were performed to study the airflow rates (AFRs) in a naturally ventilated building through four summer seasons and three winter seasons. The AFRs were determined using heat balance (HB), tracer gas technique (TGT) and CO2-balance as averages of the values of all experiments carried out through the different seasons. The statistical analyses were correlation analysis, regression model and t-test. Continuous measurements of gaseous concentrations (NH3, CH4, CO2 and N2O) and temperatures inside and outside the building were performed. The HB showed slightly acceptable results through summer seasons and unsatisfactory results through winter seasons. The CO2-balance showed unexpected high differences to the other methods in some cases. The TGT showed reliable results compared to HB and CO2-balance. The AFRs, subject to TGT, were 0.12 m3 s−1 m−2, 1.15 m3 s−1 cow−1, 0.88 m3 s−1 LU−1, 56 h−1, 395 m3 s−1 and 470 kg s−1 through summer seasons, and 0.08 m3 s−1 m−2, 0.83 m3 s−1 cow−1, 0.64 m3 s−1 LU−1 39 h−1, 275 m3 s−1 and 328 kg s−1 through winter seasons. The AFRs are not independent values, rather they were estimated for specific reference values, which are: area, cow and LU as well as rates. The emission rates through summer seasons, subject to TGT, were 9.4, 40, 3538 and 2.3 g h−1 cow−1; and through winter seasons were 4.8, 19, 2332 and 2.6 g h−1 cow−1, for NH3, CH4, CO2 and N2O, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Animal buildings Heat balance Tracer gas technique CO2-balance Natural ventilation Airflow rates Gaseous emissions |
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