修饰剂对液相还原法制备的纳米镍粒子形貌与尺寸的影响

180℃下，醋酸镍为前驱体，溶解在1，2-丙二醇溶剂中，以溶剂自身为还原剂，加入适量的修饰剂（如聚乙二醇系列（PEG-200，PEG-600，PEG-2000和PEG-6000）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）），进行了粒径、形貌可控的纳米镍的合成．通过xRD，TEM和Fourier红外光谱（FTIR）对纳米镍进行了表征．结果表明，修饰剂的结构对纳米镍的粒径大小、粒径分布及形貌的影响很大．修饰剂PEG-200与PEG—600易于形成雪花状晶体，PEG-2000易于形成十二面体晶体，PEG-6000易于形成三角形薄片，SDS易于形成粒径较小的雪花状晶体和十二面晶体；PEG-600，PEG-6000与SDS复配后易于形成粒径较大的雪花状晶体．并对修饰剂的作用机理进行了讨论．

MODIFYING EFFECTS OF PEGS AND SDS ON SYNTHESIS OF NICKLE NANOCRYSTALS IN POLYALCOHOL

Size- and shape-controlled Ni nanoparticles were synthesized using nickel acetate as precursor, 1, 2-propanediol as solvent and reducing agent, sodium hydroxide as pH adjusting agents, and surfactants PEG (polyethylene glycols) and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as modifiers. The as-prepared Ni nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The presence of modifiers is crucial for the synthesis of size- and shape-controlled phase pure Ni nanoparticles. The modification effects of single modifiers such as PEGs and SDS, and their composites were investigated and analyzed. Among single modifiers, the PEG-200 or PEG-600 is beneficial to fabricating irregular snowflake-like crystals, PEG-2000 beneficial to synthesizing dodecahedra crystals, PEG-6000 beneficial to synthesizing triangular crystals, and SDS beneficial to fabricating dodecahedra crystals and irregular snowflake-like crystals with smaller average particle size. Among the composite modifiers, coexisting of SDS and PEG-600 or PEG-6000 is beneficial to fabricating irregular snowflake-like crystals with bigger average particle size. The effects of the modifiers play an important role in the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles certified by FTIR spectroscopy.