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河流最小可用能耗率原理和统计熵理论研究
引用本文:陈绪坚,胡春宏. 河流最小可用能耗率原理和统计熵理论研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2004, 105(6): 10-15
作者姓名:陈绪坚  胡春宏
作者单位:中国水利水电科学研究院,泥沙研究所,北京,100044;中国水利水电科学研究院,泥沙研究所,北京,100044
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目 (5 0 2 3 90 40 ),水利部创新项目SCX2 0 0 3 0 1
摘    要:河流是一个具有能量紊动粘性热耗散结构的开放系统 ,依照热力学熵差和统计熵定义了河流水力熵差和统计熵 ,根据耗散结构动平衡稳定的熵和能耗理论 ,建立明渠流和冲积河流的水力熵和统计熵理论 ,提出了明渠流和冲积河流稳定的最小可用能耗率原理和公式 ,该原理全面地反映了河道输水输沙的能耗特性 ,不仅在数学上完整地表达了冲积河流河床演变的基本原理———自动调整作用原理 ,而且还反映了床沙质和冲泻质的划分标准、高含沙水流和挟沙力等特性 ,并用该理论解释了冲积河流水沙运动和河床演变的各种现象。

关 键 词:河床演变  耗散结构理论  水力熵  统计熵  最小可用能耗率原理
文章编号:0468-155X(2004)06-0010-06
修稿时间:2004-04-19

Research on the theory of minimum rate of available energy dissipation and statistic entropy in rivers
CHEN Xu-jian,HU Chun-hong. Research on the theory of minimum rate of available energy dissipation and statistic entropy in rivers[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2004, 105(6): 10-15
Authors:CHEN Xu-jian  HU Chun-hong
Abstract:A river is an open system with structure of thermodynamic energy dissipation by turbulence and viscosity. According to the thermodynamic entropy and statistic entropy, the authors defined hydraulic entropy and statistic entropy of rivers. Based on the theory of entropy and energy dissipation about dynamic equilibrium stability of irreversible process in open system of dissipation structure, theory of hydraulic entropy and statistic entropy in open channel and fluvial river was set up, and the principle and formula of minimum rate of available energy dissipation were put forward. This theory thoroughly represents the characteristics of energy dissipation in transporting water and sediment, and the formula of the theory perfectly expresses the basic theory of self-regulation of riverbed deformation in fluvial rivers. Various phenomena in fluvial rivers such as riverbed deformation, flow movement, and sediment transport were explained with this theory.
Keywords:riverbed deformation  theory of dissipation structure  hydraulic entropy  statistic entropy  theory of minimum rate of available energy dissipation
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