喷射方式下表面活性剂对水合物生成实验研究

气体水合物的高效快速生成是利用水合物方式储运相关气体的关键。水合物的生成受气体组成成分、反应温度与压力、水-气接触方式和添加剂等诸多因素的控制。这些因素制约着水合物的生成结构类型、反应速度和含气量等物理化学性质。从结晶的过程考核气体水合物的生成包括溶解、成核与晶体生长3个阶段，其中成核过程是控制水合物生长的关键因素，一旦成核水合物即可在临界晶核母体上快速生成。为此，利用高压水合物生成装置,在喷射方式下添加表面活性剂进行了不同压力、温度下天然气水合物生成的实验，测定了纯水与添加剂溶液中天然气水合物的生成过程及其特性。通过实验数据与结果分析,得出表面活性剂SDS不但可以加快天然气水合物生成速度，同时还可提高其含气量，并初步分析了喷射方式下表面活性剂促进水合物生长的机理。这些研究对解决实际生产问题具有指导意义，并将促进气体水合物储运应用技术的发展。

EXPERIMENT STUDY OF SURFACTANT INFLUENCE ON HYDRATE FORMATION IN SPRAY SYSTEM

The effective and fast production of gas hydrate is the key factor to gas storage and transportation in hydrate manner. The formation of hydrate is controlled by many factors, like component of gas, reaction temperature and pressure, water-gas contiguity manner, and additives, etc. These factors will decide the physical chemistry properties of hydrate, such as its structure, reaction velocity, gas content, etc. The gas hydrate formation can be phased into 3 stages in terms of hydrate crystallization, including dissolution, nucleation, and crystal development, of which nucleation is the key contributor to hydrate formation. Once nucleated, gas hydrate could develop promptly on the critical crystal nucleus. Experiment was carried out in a high-pressure hydrate formation facility under different pressure and temperature. Surfactant was sprayed. The hydrate formation processes and properties of pure water and SDS solutions were measured. The experiment results showed that SDS could promote the hydrate formation velocity and boost its gas content. Meanwhile, the mechanism how surfactant promote hydrate formation through spraying atomization was analyzed. The case of study does promote the development of gas hydrate storage and transportation technologies.