Mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium filled with nanofluids

The steady mixed convection boundary layer flow past a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium filled with nanofluids is studied using different types of nanoparticles as Cu (cuprom), Al₂O₃ (aluminium) and TiO₂ (titanium). The model used for the nanofluid is the one which incorporates only the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter. The basic partial equations are reduced to an ordinary differential equation which is solved numerically for some values of the volume fraction and mixed convection parameters. It is shown that the solution has two branches in a certain range of the parameters. The effects of these parameters on the velocity distribution are presented graphically.