Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement using carbon nanotube-based non-Newtonian nanofluids

In this study convective heat transfer of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based nanofluids in a straight tube under constant wall heat flux condition is numerically investigated. To achieve this goal Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the finite volume technique with considering CNT-based nanofluids as non-Newtonian fluids of shear-thinning character using the non-Newtonian power law model. The objectives of this research are to provide detailed information of non-Newtonian behavior of CNT nanofluids, comparison of the numerical simulation predictions to the experimental measurements and investigation of non-Newtonian effects on the local heat transfer of the CNT nanofluid and compare the thermal performance of the CNT nanofluids and conventional fluids. As a result the heat transfer coefficient is dominated by the wall region due to non-Newtonian behavior of CNT nanofluid. The results reported in this paper illustrate that the numerical simulation can be one of the most powerful and beneficial tools for the CNT nanofluids optimization and performance analysis.