机动车驾驶员身体素质条件及测评指标的研究

筛检身体条件指标,为制定国家标准提供依据.在3个城市作车祸流行病学调查和病例对照研究以筛检与事故倾性有关的指标.在5个城市作整群分层随机抽样调查确定与事故倾性有关指标的正常值范围.以11和12病例对照研究对筛检出评价驾驶员的指标进行验证.从28项指标中筛检出身高、视力、听力、血压和肺活量为驾驶员必备条件.复杂反应、速度估计、操作机能、动视力、夜视力、深视力与驾驶员安全驾驶有高度联系(OR>3).用指标组合来评判驾驶员,经过验证,特异度为86.84%和88.16%,灵敏度为92.11%和91.23%,Kappa值达到0.789?5和0.765?3,Yuden指数等于0.789?5和0.793?9.研究表明筛检的指标和以指标组合法评价驾驶员具有较高的敏感性、特异性和一致性.

Study About Physical Qualification for Automobile Drivers and Their Test Indicators

Objective: To select physical qualificative indicators in order to provide basis for drawing up national standard. Methods: The accident proneness indicators were selected by methods of traffic accident epidemiological investigation and case control study in 3 cities.The normal value range of indicators about accident proneness were detected according to epidemiological survey results using stratified random cluster sampling in 5 cities. The indicators for evaluation automobile drivers were validated through the methods of 1:1 and 1:2 case control study. Results: The height?eyesight?audition?blood pressure?vital capacity, which selected from 28 indicators, are necessary requirements for automobile driver. The multiple reaction?speed anticipation?attention distribution and duration dynamic acuity?night acuity?depth perception are related closely to the driver's safe driving (OR>3).We use the method of combined indicators to judge drivers,the results proved that specificity is 86.84% and 88.16% ,sensitivity is 92.11% and 91.23%, Kappa value is 0.7895 and 0.7653, the Yuden index equals to 0.7895 and 0.7939 respectively. Conclusion: Both indicators selected and method of combining indicators to decide drivers were proved to be good with more sensitivity, specificity and consistency.