中俄双边石油贸易进展探讨

俄罗斯拥有全球1/3的天然气和12%的石油资源,分别居世界第一位和第六位。石油是俄罗斯的战略资源与经济命脉,由能源产业创造的产值约占俄GDP的50%,其中3/4依靠石油出口。俄罗斯拥有丰富的油气资源储量,20年来一直保持着100%的石油储量替代率,天然气新增储量基本与总产量持平。2009年俄罗斯石油产量4.94×108t,天然气产量5560×108m3,高居世界榜首。2009年俄罗斯石油(含凝析气)出口量2.474×108t,比2008年增加了1.8%。近几年中国石油产量年均增长仅1.8%左右,而石油消费增长率则稳定在6%以上,2009年我国原油进口依存度已超过50%。我国目前的境外石油贸易方式对中东石油过度依赖、石油运输通道单一、运输能力不足,石油供给安全及供给多元化已成为迫切需要解决的问题。2000年以后,中俄石油贸易成倍增长,2009年中国从俄罗斯进口原油1530.4×104t。俄罗斯丰富的石油资源、中国巨大的石油消费市场,为中俄石油贸易合作提供了物质基础和合作条件。中俄"贷款换石油"协议的签订、中俄能源投资股份有限公司的成立,是大力发展两国石油领域合作的"双赢"之举。我国应加大开拓中俄石油贸易市场的研究力度,进一步加强俄罗斯石油领域相关法律、政治、经济贸易等方面的研究。

A Study on the Petroleum Trade between China and Russia

Russia has one third of the world＇s total gas resources and 12% of the world＇s total oil re sources.The amounts of oil and gas resources of Russia are the largest and sixth largest worldwide respectively.Petroleum is Russia＇s strategic resource and the lifeline of its economy.The energy industry contributes about 50% of Russia＇s GDP and three fourths of the GDP contributed by the energy industry come from oil export.Russia has significant oil and gas resources.The country＇s oil reserve replacement rate has remained at 100% for 20 years and its annually added gas reserves are basically equal to its gas production.In 2009,Russia produced 4.94×108t of oil and 5560×108m3 of natural gas,both the highest worldwide.In 2009,Russia exported 2.474×108t of oil（including condensate）,up 1.8% from 2008.In recent years,China＇s oil output has been rising at an annual rate of only about 1.8%,while China＇s oil consumption has been growing by over 6% per year.In 2009,China＇ s reliance on imported crude oil exceeded 50%.China heavily relies on the Middle East to meet its oil need,its oil import channels are limited,and transportation capacity is short.Ensuring oil supply security and diversifying supplies are urgent tasks for China.Since 2000,the oil trade between China and Russia has multiplied.In 2009,China imported 1530.4×104t of crude oil from Russia.Russia＇ s rich oil resources and China＇s huge oil consumer market have laid the foundation and created conditions for the oil trade between the two countries.The signing of oil for loan agreements and the establishment of China-RUS Energy Investment Ltd are acts that will lead to a win-win situation in the oil cooperation between the two countries.China should step up the research on exploring the China-Russia oil trading market as well as the research on Russia＇s laws,politics,economy and trade relating to the oil sector.