重点河湖控制断面生态流量监测预警系统设计及应用

针对我国河湖生态安全保障面临严峻形势，现有生态流量监测系统存在覆盖河湖范围有限、预报不及时等问题，为进一步加强河湖生态流量管理，基于水利部国家水资源监控管理信息平台，依托其水资源数据库、水文实时雨水情数据库、水利部一张图服务及管理信息等数据，设计和研发全国重点河湖控制断面生态流量监测预警系统。生态流量监测预警系统包括生态流量断面的基础信息、实时监测数据、指标值及阈值告警的综合展示，以及生态流量达标情况判别等功能。目前，生态流量监测预警系统已接入全国重点河湖104个控制断面，断面生态流量满足程度达到96.2%；龙川监测断面分析结果显示，自 2021 年 1 月以来该断面生态流量满足情况差于 2020 年同期，与取用水量增加及天然来水减少存在一定联系，可为保障重点河湖控制断面生态流量提供有力信息支撑。

Design and application of ecological flow monitoring and warning system in key rivers and lakes control sections

Due to the grim situation of river and lake ecological security in China, a national ecological flow monitoring and warning system for key river and lake control sections is designed in order to further strengthen the ecological flow management. The system has been developed based on the national water resources monitoring and management information platform, as well as its water resources database, hydrological real-time rainwater database, one map service and management information of the Ministry of Water Resources. Functions of the system include comprehensive displaying of basic information, monitoring data, index value and threshold alarm of the ecological flow section, and discrimination of ecological flow compliances, etc. At present, the system has been applied in 104 control sections of key rivers and lakes, and the results show that 96.2% of all cross sections satisfy the ecological flows. In the case of the Longchuan section, the ecological flow in January 2021 was worse than that of the same period 2020, because of water intake increasing and natural water supply decreasing. The system can provide support for ecological flow protection of the key river and lake control sections.