喷施草甘膦对转基因大豆产量构成和抗性遗传的影响

为研究喷施草甘膦对转基因大豆产量构成和抗性遗传的影响，并对转基因大豆田间实际除草中草甘膦的合理施用提供数据支持，本研究选择抗草甘膦转基因大豆GTS 40-3-2，采用田间随机区组的设计方法，在大豆生长的V2期茎叶喷施一定浓度梯度的41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂，调查成熟期大豆的产量构成及成熟籽粒中转基因成分的相对含量，子代大豆于第二年种植，茎叶喷施相同浓度梯度草甘膦后进行抗性观测和产量统计。结果发现，1.12-12.30 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦水剂均能有效控制杂草，但喷施7.38-12.30 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦会显著抑制GTS 40-3-2及其子代大豆成熟期的单株粒数和单株产量。草甘膦喷施对GTS 40-3-2成熟籽粒中外源基因的相对含量没有显著影响，子代大豆与亲本具有相同的草甘膦抗性。表明1.23-4.92 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦可在转基因大豆生长的V2期安全使用，不会造成大豆的减产；喷施草甘膦超过7.38 kg（ai）·hm^-2，一定程度上损伤大豆的结粒水平，但籽粒质量不受影响；草甘膦喷施对转基因大豆的抗性遗传没有显著影响，大豆自交子代田间栽培时，可选择草甘膦进行杂草控制，但浓度仍需在推荐剂量范围内。

Impact of spraying glyphosate on yield component and resistance genetics of glyphosate - tolerant soybean at two - trifoliolate leaf stage

The objective of this study is to research the impact of glyphosate on yield component and resistance genetics of glyphosate - tolerant soybean and to provide a statistical basis for applying glyphosate effectively to con- trol weed. The random complete block design was used and the influence of spraying 41% glyphosate isopropyl am- monium AS at different rates on yield component and transgenic ratio of transgenic soybean cultivar GTS 40 - 3 - 2 at V2 stage was studied in the field. The following year, the glyphasate resistance and yield component of first filial generation soybean after applying glyphosate in the same concentration rates were investigated. The result indicated that glyphosate was effective at 1.23 - 12.30 kg（ai） · hm^-2 to control weed. However, the glyphosate at 7.38 - 12.30kg（ai） ~ hm -2 markedly reduced the number of seed and seeds weight per plant of soybean parents and prog- eny. Spraying glyphosate had no obvious impact on the quantity of genetically modified ingredient （ GM% ） in seeds of GTS 40 - 3 - 2, which induced the first filial generation soybean with the same glyphosate tolerance as their par- ents. It was concluded that spraying glyphosate at 1.23 -4.92 kg（ai） · hm^-2 was available for weeding control as well as maintaining the yield component of GTS 40 - 3 - 2, which could be safe to use at V2 stage of the glyphosate - tolerant soybean. Application of glyphosate above 7.38 kg（ai） · hm^-2 depressed the seed number but did not af- fect the seed mass of GTS 40 - 3 - 2. Spraying glyphosate did not have obviously negative influence on the genetics of resistance to glyphosate of GTS 40 -3 -2. Glyphosate could be used to weed control with recomm ended rate when the first filial generation of GTS 40 -3 -2 was cultivated.