南水北调人工补给地下含水层成本效益研究

将国内外人工补给地下含水层模式分析归纳为9种,其中地表水-人工整修天然河道模式是在河北平原地区利用南水北调水人工补给地下水最有效的模式;将人工补给地下含水层的效益分为经济效益(包括工业和农业增产效益)与生态环境效益(包括防治地下水漏斗下降与地面沉降等效益),提出了各类效益计算方法;将地下水超采所产生的生态环境破坏损失分为地下水漏斗下降经济损失与地面沉降经济损失两大类,研究探讨了各类损失的计算方法,并进行了计算。结果表明,2006年地下水漏斗下降经济损失为24.93亿元,到2006年地面沉降累计经济损失与多年平均经济损失分别为1 917.14亿元和53.25亿元;而对河北平原地区利用南水北调水人工补给地下含水层的经济效益与生态环境效益进行计算表明,人工补给地下水用于工业、农业和生态环境的效益分别为6.42元/m3、2.05元/m3和4.03元/m3,其效益费用比分别为3.61、1.15和2.26。

Research on cost-benefits of ground aquifers artificial recharge using water from South-to-North Water Diversion Project

The patterns of underground aquifers artificial recharge both at home and abroad are grouped into 9 types, and surface water-manual repair natural river channel mode is the most effective one artificially recharging groundwater using water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP） in the Hebei Plain. Benefits of artificial recharge of underground aquifers are divided into economic benefits which include benefits of industria~ and agricultural increasing production, and eco-environmental benefits which include benefits of preventing groundwater funnel and land subsidence decline, and all kinds of calculating methods of benefits are proposed. Eco-environmental damage economic losses resulting from groundwater over-exploitation are fallen into two great categories including economic losses of groundwater funnel and land subsidence decline and calculation methods of economic losses are researched and discussed. Economic losses of eco-environmental damage resulting from overexploitation of groundwater in Hebei Plain were calculated. Economic losses of groundwater funnel decline were 2.493 billion yuan in 2006, up to 2006 the accumulated and annual average economic losses of land subsidence were 191.714 and 5.325 billion yuan respectively. The economic and environmental benefits artificially recharging groundwater using water from SNWDP in Hebei Plain were calculated. The benefits of artificially recharging groundwater used for industry and agriculture and eco-environment were 6.42, 2.05 and 4.03 yuan per cubic metre, and their benefit-cost ratio respectively was 3.61, 1.15 and 2.26.