新型太阳能海水淡化技术研究进展

总结了微纳尺度下毛细驱动的局域热法太阳能海水淡化的相关机制,包括毛细驱动水分传输、太阳能热量传递机理。叙述了界面太阳能局域热法光蒸汽系统最近发展,并归纳了在1个太阳辐照下突破单级产水量理论极限的新型研究思路,指出了太阳能局域热法海水淡化的当前挑战,包含盐分结晶和蒸汽冷凝效率低等问题。认为界面太阳能局域热法海水淡化技术在效率和成本上都具有极大的优势,系统材料制备简单、结构紧凑、系统创新明显,特别适用于偏远山区和海岛地区电力缺乏的家庭生活淡水制备。随着研究者更多地转向保证蒸汽高效凝结和收集、水蒸汽潜热回收利用,预计这种新型海水淡化技术的未来应用范围将不断扩大。

Research Progress on New Solar Seawater Desalination Technology

The related mechanisms of capillary-driven solar desalination by heat localization at micro-nano scale were summarized,including capillarydriven water transport and solar heat transfer mechanism.Then the recent development of interfacial solar vapor generation by heat localization system was briefly introduced,the new research ideas of breaking the theoretical limit of single-stage water production under one sun illumination were summarized.The current challenges were pointed out,including the problems of salt deposition and low vapor condensation efficiency.It is believed that the interfacial solar desalination by heat localization has great advantages in efficiency and cost.The system material is simple to prepare,compact in structure,and the system is innovative.It is especially suitable for fresh water production in remote mountainous areas and island areas.As researchers turn more to ensure efficient steam condensation and collection,and latent heat recovery of water vapor,it is expected that the future application range of this new type seawater desalination technology will continue to expand.