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Gender differences in the meanings associated with food hazards: A means-end chain analysis
Affiliation:1. Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA;1. School of Community and Health Studies, Centennial College, Toronto, Ontario M1K 5E9, Canada;2. The Chang School of Continuing Education, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1Z5, Canada;3. Sally Horsfall Eaton School of Nursing, George Brown College, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2T9, Canada
Abstract:It is a common finding that men compared to women are less concerned about food hazards and technologies. While previous literature analyzed determinants such as trust in public actors in order to explain gender differences in food risk perception, a systematic analysis of women’s and men’s cognitions (associations) and emotions (feelings) is lacking. This study focuses on the very first associations and the deeper motives and values that women and men link to three potential food hazards: mycotoxins, pesticides and irradiation. Means-end chain theory was applied and in-depth laddering interviews were conducted with 34 women and 35 men in Munich, Germany. The results reveal that food hazards threaten self-centered and socio-altruistic values of men and women alike and that ‘care for others’ is not only a motive for women.
Keywords:Food hazards  Means-end chain analysis  Gender differences
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