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Influence of air annealing temperature and time on the optical properties of Yb:YAG single crystal grown by HDS method
Affiliation:1. School of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;2. School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China;2. Department of Physics and Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China;3. International Center for Material Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, PR China;1. Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic;2. CRYTUR Ltd., Palackého 175, 51101 Turnov, Czech Republic;1. Institute for Scintillation Materials NAS of Ukraine, 60, Nauky ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;2. State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine”, 60, Nauky ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;3. Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine, 60, Nauky ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;4. Institute Lumière Matière, UMR5306 CNRS, Universite de Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Institute of Electrophysics UrB RAS, Amundsen St.106, Ekaterinburg 620016, Russia;2. Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
Abstract:8 at.% Yb:YAG plate single crystal with the dimension of 170 mm × 150 mm × 30 mm was grown in vacuum by Horizontal Directional Solidification method. Aimed at blue-green color centers, annealing treatments of 15 mm × 15 mm × 1 mm samples from 900 °C to 1400 °C for 5 h and at 900 °C from 5 h to 40 h in air were conducted. The absorption spectra, emission spectra, fluorescence lifetime and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of samples under different annealing conditions were measured at room temperature, respectively. Annealing at above 1000 °C for 5 h or at 900 °C for 40 h made the blue-green color centers disappear and the samples turned to transparent. Absorption coefficients decreased in the 300 nm–800 nm wavelength range, emission intensities increased and emission bands broadened around 486 nm and 1029 nm with increasing temperature up to 1200 °C, then varied inversely. These values decreased or increased monotonically with increasing annealing time at 900 °C. The maximal increases of fluorescence lifetime were 62.3% and 64.7%, respectively. The calculated emission cross section of 1200 °C for 5 h was up to 4.4 × 10−20 cm2. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the concentrations of oxygen vacancies reduced from 1.28% down to absence by annealing. These experiments show that color centers are detrimental to the optical properties of HDS-Yb:YAG laser crystal and optimal annealing treatments should be conducted.
Keywords:Optical property  Annealing  Horizontal directional solidification (HDS) method  Yb:YAG single crystal  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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