Experimental mouse models of susceptible and resistant pneumococcal pneumonia with special reference to the cause of bacteremia

The popularity of submental suctioning, platysmaplasty neck lifts, and now Botulinum A exotoxin injections into the neck has increased dramatically. A detailed working knowledge of clinical platysma and lip depressor muscle anatomy is of paramount importance to successfully anesthetize and block the treated areas, to avoid injury to important vessels, nerves, and deeper cervical structures, and to optimally treat the problem areas. A simple, user-friendly knowledge can be obtained by remembering simple mnemonics relating to (1) specific target areas, (2) anatomic relationships, and (3) topographic clinical landmarks.