Mixed finite element models for plate bending analysis theory

The theoretical background of mixed finite element models, in general for nonlinear problems, is briefly reexamined. In the first part of the paper, several alternative “mixed” formulations for 3-D continua undergoing large elastic deformations under the action of time dependent external loading are outlined and are examined incisively. It is concluded that mixed finite element formulations, wherein the interpolants for the stress field satisfy only a part of the domain equilibrium equations, are not only consistent from a theoretical standpoint but are also preferable from an implementation point of view. In the second part of the paper, alternative variational bases for the development of thin-plate elements are presented and discussed in detail. In light of this discussion, it is concluded that the “bad press” generated in the past concerning the practical relevance of the so-called assumed stress hybrid finite element model is not justified. Moreover, the advantages of this type of elements as compared with the “assumed displacement” or alternative mixed elements are outlined.