N‐Stearoylethanolamine Restores Pancreas Lipid Composition in Obesity‐Induced Insulin Resistant Rats

This study investigates the protective effect of N‐stearoylethanolamine (NSE), a bioactive N‐acylethanolamine , on the lipid profile distribution in the pancreas of obesity‐induced insulin resistant (IR) rats fed with prolonged high fat diet (58 % of fat for 6 months). The phospholipid composition was determined using 2D thin‐layer chromatography. The level of individual phospholipids was estimated by measuring inorganic phosphorus content. The fatty acid (FA) composition and cholesterol level were investigated by gas–liquid chromatography. Compared to controls, plasma levels of triglycerides and insulin were significantly increased in IR rats. The pancreas lipid composition indicated a significant reduction of the free cholesterol level and some phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) compared to controls. Moreover, the FA composition of pancreas showed a significant redistribution of the main FA (18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐6 and 20:4n‐6) levels between phospholipid, free FA, triglyceride fractions under IR conditions that was accompanied by a change in the estimated activities of Δ9‐, Δ6‐, Δ5‐desaturase. Administration of N‐stearoylethanolamine (NSE, 50 mg/kg daily per os for 2 weeks) IR rats triggered an increase in the content of free cholesterol, PtdCho and normalization of PtdEtn, PtdSer level. Furthermore, the NSE modulated the activity of desaturases, thus influenced FA composition and restored the FA ratios in the lipid fractions. These NSE‐induced changes were associated with a normalization of plasma triglyceride content, considerable decrease of insulin and index HOMA‐IR level in rats under IR conditions.