Functional treatment of patellar dislocation in an athletic population

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical applicability of ultrasound-guided detrusor biopsy from the anterior bladder wall and to assess whether it is as representative and as sufficient for determining detrusor ultrastructure as the traditional transurethral biopsy from the lateral bladder wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The detrusor structure in 22 biopsies. 11 obtained transabdominally and 11 transurethrally from 11 patients, was evaluated without knowledge of the biopsy method by light and electron microscopy, including morphometric analysis. In addition, several specimens from each of three bladders were evaluated, also 'blindly', for ultrastructural diagnosis of the detrusor in an independent current study of voiding dysfunction in geriatric patients. RESULTS: There were no differences in intercellular distances and cell: nucleus ratios between transabdominal and transurethral biopsies in eight of the 11 patients. Furthermore, ultrasound-guided transabdominal biopsies were as representative of the detrusor as were transurethral biopsies. CONCLUSION: The transabdominal approach is recommended as an easy, relatively inexpensive and efficient method of obtaining biopsies of the detrusor for study of its structure in voiding dysfunction. On the other hand, the observations and diagnoses made by 'blind' qualitative study of several specimens from the same bladder were identical. This, together with the similarity of detrusor structure in the transabdominal and transurethral biopsies, strongly supports the idea that such structure is relatively uniform throughout the entire bladder wall.