Shrinkage and Deformation of Agave atrovirens Karw Tissue during Convective Drying: Influence of Structural Arrangements |
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| Authors: | Carolina Gumeta-Chávez José Jorge Chanona-Pérez Jorge Alberto Mendoza-Pérez Eduardo Terrés-Rojas Vicente Garibay-Febles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos , Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Carpio y Plan de Ayala , México;2. Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Carpio y Plan de Ayala , México;3. Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica de Ultra Alta Resolución, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo , México D.F., México |
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| Abstract: | The influence of structural arrangements of Agave discs cut transversally (ADCT) and longitudinally (ADCL) on moisture loss, shrinkage, and shape was evaluated during convective drying by physical and image parameters. ADCT showed lower drying and shrinkage rates than ADCL. The fractal exponent (d) relating volume and thickness of samples rose from 1.552 ± 0.126 to 2.394 ± 0.128 and from 1.662 ± 0.111 to 1.848 ± 0.070 for ADCT and ADCL, respectively, which indicates that shrinkage was nonisotropic for both cases. Parameters considered for evaluating the changes of size and shape of Agave discs at macro- and microscopic levels during drying were projected area (PA), major length (ML), shape factor (SF), and fractal dimension of contour (FDC). The values obtained for these parameters demonstrated that changes in shrinkage and shape of both samples were dependent on structural arrangements of the samples. During the drying of ADCT samples, which have short and rigid structures, pronounced creasing was observed compared to ADCL materials, which are mainly formed by long and rigid structures. Also, it was observed that orientation of fibers influenced shrinkage and deformation. |
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| Keywords: | Agave Drying Image analysis Shrinkage |
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