基于全局和局部最优模型的电动汽车充放电优化调度

电动汽车大规模入网将对电网产生重大影响。针对大规模具有动态响应特性的电动汽车充放电问题,提出了全局最优调度和局部最优调度两种模型。通过电动汽车响应的实时电价模型,分别建立含电池损耗成本、连续可微、带线性约束的凸目标函数。全局最优模型需要负载和电动汽车各项信息求解全局总成本最小的调度方案。局部最优调度模型对电动汽车进行分组,以分布式模式最小化滑动窗口内电动汽车组的总成本。通过内点法对两种模型求解表明:局部最优调度方案可以扩展到大型电动汽车群,对电动汽车的动态到达特性具有弹性。相对于全局最优调度模型复杂的求解信息,局部最优调度方案具有更高的实用性和相近的求解结果。

Optimal scheduling of charging and discharging of electric vehicles based on global and local optimal model

Large-scale power grid entry of electric vehicles will have a significant impact on the power grid. Aiming at the charging and discharging problem of large-scale electric vehicles with dynamic response characteristics, two models of global optimal scheduling and local optimal scheduling are proposed. Based on the real-time price model of electric vehicle response, convex objective functions with battery loss cost, continuous differentiability and linear constraints are established respectively. The global optimal model needs the information of load and electric vehicle to solve the scheduling scheme with the minimum global total cost. Local optimal scheduling model is used to group electric vehicles to minimize the total cost of electric vehicles in sliding windows in a distributed way. The interior point method is used to solve the two models. The results show that the local optimal scheduling scheme can be extended to large-scale electric vehicle group and has elasticity to the dynamic arrival characteristics of electric vehicles. Compared with the complex solution information of the global optimal scheduling model, the local optimal scheduling scheme has higher practicability and similar solution results. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51777027) and Science and Technology Project of the Headquarters of State Grid Corporation of China (No. YD7116013).