加氢装置催化剂床层压降增加原因分析及对策

针对某炼油厂加氢装置在废润滑油加工过程中,因反应器床层的压降增长过快而导致停工的问题进行分析,并提出相应对策。结果表明:反应器顶部的泡罩塔盘被结垢物掩盖,结垢物板结严重且硬度较大,顶部瓷球及保护剂表面亦被黑色絮状物覆盖,是反应器床层压降增长过快的直接原因;加氢装置原料油中大量的杂质(含金属总量大于1 000μg/g)与酰胺类、磷系助剂共同作用而形成大量的结垢物,结垢物板结后沉积在反应器顶部,且结垢物向下穿透后覆盖保护剂及催化剂表面,是反应器床层压降增长过快的根本原因;通过控制原料油中的杂质含量,对反应器采取塔盘清理等"撇头消缺"措施,实现了加氢装置的平稳运行,各产品性质满足指标要求。

Reason analysis and countermeasure of increasing pressure drop in catalyst bed of hydrogenation unit

In the process of processing waste lubricating oil in a refinery, the reasons of hydrogenation unit shutdown caused by the fast pressure drop increase in catalyst bed were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The results showed that the blister tray on the top of reactor was covered by severe scaling hardening with great hardness, and the inert alumina ceramic ball on top and the surface of protective agent were covered by black flocculent, which was the direct reason for the rapid increase of pressure drop in the reactor bed. The mass impurities in the feedstock(total metal content greater than 1 000 μg/g), amides and phosphorus additives worked together to form a large scale of harden deposits on the top of reactor which penetrated downward and covered protective agent and catalyst surface were the root reason for the rapid increase of pressure drop. The hydrogenation unit realized stable operation and the product properties met the requirements of the controlled index by controlling the impurities content in feedstock and taking tray cleaning and other "skimming and eliminating" measures.