论抵御''98洪水与洪水风险管理

1998年长江流域发生了自1954年以来又一次全流域性大洪水，嫩江和松花江流域也发生了超历史记录的特大洪水．从抵御’98洪水中得出，必须改变单纯的抵御洪水的观念，要对洪水实行全过程风险管理．进行洪水风险管理，最主要的是制定针对洪水灾害的政策．并进一步分析了蓄滞洪区的管理，应加强以下几方面的建设：（1）控制和减少人口；（2）加强安全设施建设；（3）绘制洪水风险留，建立和完善避难的预报和预警系统；（4）建设分蓄洪控制工程；（5）严格土地利用规划及管理，调整产业结构；（6）实行洪水保险制度．

A View from ''98 Flood: from Flood Control to Disaster Risk Management

The Yangtze River great flood of 1998 was truly the greatest flood disaster since 1954, while Nejiang River and Songhua River flood as the greatest one in history- From '98 flood, we found again that we should change our concern from flood control only to flood disaster risk management- It is very important to es-tablish a good policy system in flood risk management. Taking the management of flood detention area as an example, the main tasks are: (1) population control; (2) safety measures; (3) hazard map; (4) flood control works; (5) land use planning; (6) flood disaster insurance.