Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran emissions from joss paper burned in a furnace with air pollution control devices |
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Authors: | Ming-Tsan Hu Kuo-Lin Huang Guo-Ping Chang-Chien Jen-Hsiung Tsai |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Environmental Engineering Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shieh-Fu Rd., Nei Pu 91207, Pingtung, Taiwan b Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan c Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung County 833, Taiwan d Super Micro Mass Research & Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung County 833, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | Burning joss paper, a common practice in temples in some Asian countries, can release toxic pollutants. This study investigated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and profiles from burning joss paper in a temple furnace connected to two wet scrubbers. The mean total PCDD/F content and corresponding toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) in joss paper were 193 ng kg− 1 and 0.645 ng I-TEQ kg− 1, respectively, whereas those in bottom ash from burned joss paper were 18.5 ng kg− 1 and 1.92 ng I-TEQ kg− 1, respectively. The wet scrubbers decreased individual PCDD/F emissions by 26.7-71.0% and those of total PCDD/Fs and I-TEQ by 47.2% and 66.0%, respectively. The total PCDD/F TEQ emission factors before and after the wet scrubbers were 8.14 and 3.42 µg I-TEQ ton-feedstock− 1, respectively. The estimated total PCDD/F and corresponding TEQ emissions were 5.29 g year− 1 and 0.462 g I-TEQ year− 1, respectively, in Taiwan. Burning joss paper in temple furnaces is a significant source of PCDD/F emissions. |
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Keywords: | Joss paper burning PCDD/Fs Wet scrubber Emission factor |
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