泡沫发射药能量特性计算与分析

采用基团加和法估算了以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、聚硝酸酯缩水甘油醚(PGN)、聚2,2-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(PBAMO)、聚2-甲基-2-硝酸酯基氧杂环丁烷(PNIMMO)为聚醚多元醇,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为多异氰酸酯的泡沫发射药含能聚氨酯粘结剂的生成焓。采用内能法计算了以黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)、1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)、3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)为高能添加剂的泡沫发射药配方的能量特性参数,并绘制火药力为1250,1300,1350 kJ·kg~(-1)的(MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/HNIW、(MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/TNAZ和(MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/DNTF发射药配方的等火药力三角图。结果表明,通过含能聚氨酯粘结剂的结构单元可以估算粘结剂的生成焓。以含能聚氨酯粘结剂和固体添加剂为基本配方的发射药具有较高的火药力,在固含量为50%~70%范围内可以实现火药力≥1300 kJ·kg~(-1)。以HNIW与TNAZ部分替代RDX的发射药配方的等火药力线近似为直线,而添加DNTF的发射药等火药力线存在转折点。RDX含量不高于20%、TNAZ含量不低于52%的(MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/TNAZ发射药能量计算结果满足国际上提出的先进坦克炮用发射药火药力大于1300 kJ·kg~(-1),爆温低于3300 K的指标要求。

Calculation and Analysis on Energy Characteristics of Foamed Propellant

The enthalpies of formation for energetic polyurethane binder using glycidyl azide polymer (GAP),poly glycidyl nitrate (PGN),poly bis-azidomethyl oxetane (PBAMO),poly (3-nitratomethyl-3-methoxetane (PNIMMO) as polyether glycol,diphe nylmethane diisocyanate (MDI),toluene diisocyanate (TDI),isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as polyisocyanate were calculated by group additivity method.The energy parameters of the designed propellant formulations based on hexogen (RDX),hexanitrohexaazaisowurtaitane(HNIW),1,3,3-trinitroazetidine(TNAZ),3,4-dinitrofurazanofuroxan(DNTF) were calculated by inner energy method.Simutaneously,iso-force content triangular plot of 1250,1300,1350 kJ · kg-1 for (MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/HNIW,(MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/TNAZ and (MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/DNTF formulations were drawn.Results show the enthalpies of formation of polyurethane binder can be calculated by structure units.The formulations containing solid filler and energetic binder have high force content.The force content of formulations with 30％ ～50％ solid filler could exceed 1300 kJ · kg-1.The force content presents linear cariation trend when replacing RDX using HNIW,TNAZ,but when adding DNTF in formulations,there is a transition point on the iso-force line.The calculation results of (MDI/GAP1000)/RDX/TNAZ formulations indicat that the formulations could reach the international advanced level (force content higher than 1300 kJ · kg-1,explosion temperature lower than 3300 K).