重大装备用高品质轴承用钢的发展及其质量控制

 随着汽车、高铁、精密机床、风电等重大装备的应用与建设，对轴承提出了高品质、长寿命和高可靠性的要求。除了轴承结构设计、制造精度外，轴承用钢对轴承产品的质量具有至关重要的影响。基于目前高端轴承应用需求，分析了高铁、风电、盾构机等重大装备领域轴承需求现状和性能要求，介绍了国内外轴承钢的发展方向和钢种开发情况，并讨论了轴承钢质量控制原理和思路。轴承钢产品质量控制的目标可归纳为纯净化、精细化和均匀化。其中冶金和凝固过程通过窄成分控制、低有害元素含量、碳化物液析、元素偏析带状、结晶组织缺陷、夹杂物控制等以获取洁净钢。后续轧制锻造工序通过控轧控冷实现组织的均匀化和精细化控制，以满足后续热处理等工序的加工性要求。

Development and Quality Control of Bearing Steel for Heavy Equipment

As the construction and application of heavy equipment such as automobile, high speed railway, precision machine and wind power, high requirements including product quality, long fatigue life and reliability have been proposed for the bearing. The bearing steel is the key point to influence the bearing quality, in addition to the structure design and manufacturing precision. Requirement and property of bearing in field of high speed railway, wind power and tunnel boring machine (TBM) were analyzed. Development of bearing steel was introduced. Quality control principle of bearing steel was discussed to achieve the aim of clean, homogenized and refined microstructure. Clean steel is obtained by precise composition, low harmful element amount, carbide eliquation, segregation, solidification defects and inclusion control during melting and solidification. Homogenized and refined microstructure was obtained by controlled rolling and controlled cooling during rolling or forging process, to meeting workability of subsequent process.