辽河稠油减渣的超临界流体分离与评价

 采用超临界流体萃取分馏技术，将辽河稠油减渣分离成14个窄馏分和1个萃余残渣，测定了各个窄馏分的性质和组成，用改进的Brown-Ladner法计算了各个窄馏分和原料的结构参数，预测了窄馏分的二次加工性能，对特征化参数与窄馏分的性质进行了关联。结果表明，随着窄馏分收率的增加，残炭值、S和N及金属元素含量逐渐增加，饱和分质量分数减小，胶质质量分数增大，芳香分质量分数先增大后减小，芳香碳率fA增大，环烷碳率fN和烷基碳率fP逐渐减小。加工性能较好的窄馏分收率为15.18 %。建立了辽河稠油减渣窄馏分残炭值、芳碳率、环烷碳率、烷基碳率与特征化参数之间的关联式。

SEPARATION BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND EVALUATION OF LIAOHE HEAVY CRUDE VACUUM RESIDUUM

The Liaohe heavy crude vacuum residuum was separated into 14 narrow fractions and an end-cut by supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) technology. The properties and compositions of narrow fraction were determined. The characteristic index KH was used to assess feedstock reactivity and process capability. The average structural parameters (fA, fN, fP) of narrow fractions and vacuum residuum were calculated with modified Brown-Ladner method. The results indicated that as the yield of narrow fraction increased, the content of S and N increased, as well as metal content and the value of residual carbon. When the fraction became heavier, the content of saturates increased and that of resins decreased. Aromatics content firstly increased, reaching its maximum value and then decreased with the yield of narrow fraction increasing. The value of fA increased and that of fN and fP decreased with narrow fraction becoming heavier. The characteristic index KH correlated well with the carbon residue and the structural parameters (fA, fN, fP) of narrow fractions.