A model for calculating a.c. losses in multistage superconducting cables

Superconducting magnets in tokamaks for fusion experiments are subjected to fast variations in magnetic field. As the high current conductors used in these magnets are made of multistage cables, these variations induce interstrand coupling currents that create losses. These losses are usually characterized by the so-called time constant of the conductor. A model is given to calculate this time constant. Working formulas are also proposed to calculate the current induced in the different cabling stages. This model takes into account the strand characteristics and the detailed cabling pattern. Using it, a method is also given to deduce the time constant from resistive measurements. The influence of the resistive barrier (chrome plating, CuNi shell, outer bronze matrix) is pointed out. Finally, this model is applied to a conductor that is foreseen for the toroidal coils of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).