青藏工程走廊昆仑山口—清水河段主要水害问题及水文地质机理

通过野外实地调查发现,青藏工程走廊昆仑山口-清水河段发育的主要水害包括:地表水及地下水受人工拦挡,当排水措施不畅时产生路基积水,由于水的热交换作用使基底附近地下冰融化,导致路基下沉引起的水害;密集上升泉使冻胀-融陷地质作用强烈,冻土融沉及冻胀引起路基塌陷变形及翻浆冒泥引发病害;修筑公路取土坑密布地段,路基一侧或两侧地面积水引起水害;地下水强径流带与地下水浅藏带由于水位变化引起水害;河流冲刷、岸坡侵蚀导致的岸坡后退水害。

Main water disasters and hydrogeological mechanism in Kunlun mountain- Qingshui river section of Qinghai -Tibet engineering corridor

Through the field survey, it is found that the main water disasters in Kunlun mountain-Qingshui river section of Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor include： The surface water and groundwater are artificially obstructed, when the drainage measures are inappropriate the ponding in the road bed occurs, then the underground ice thaws because of the water heat change effect which causes the roadbed subsidence. At the places where the ascending springs are dense and the frost heaving-thawing settlement is intense, the permafrost thaw causes the roadbed subsidence and deformation and the frost heaving causes the road boiling. At the places where the pits locate along the road densely, the ponding at one side or both sides of the embankment occurs. Water disasters caused by water levels change in the areas with the strong groundwater runoff and the shallow groundwater. The river water scour and the bank erosion cause the bank recession.