考虑疏散安全和效率的室内障碍物布局优化

室内障碍物的布局会对人群时空分布、疏散安全和效率产生重要影响.为调查其影响,构建带有障碍物的单室单出口人群疏散模型.同时,通过3种不同的影响因素(即障碍物长度、障碍物与出口距离、障碍物偏离出口中心距离)来分析它们对人群疏散效率和安全的影响.研究结果发现障碍物长度与疏散效率成正向关系,而与疏散安全成反向关系;障碍物与出口距离与疏散效率和安全皆成正向关系;障碍物偏离出口中心距离与疏散效率和安全成反向关系.此外,本研究还使用多目标进化算法来对室内障碍物布局进行优化,所得结果可以为决策者平衡疏散安全和效率问题提供重要参考.

Layout Optimization of Indoor Obstacles Considering Evacuation Safety and Efficiency

The spatial-temporal distribution of crowds as well as evacuation safety and efficiency are impacted by the layout of indoor obstacles. To investigate the effect, a crowd evacuation model for a single room with a single exit and obstacles is proposed in this study. Three different influencing factors (i.e., obstacle length, the distance between an obstacle and the exit, and the distance between the obstacle center and exit center) are used to analyze their impacts on evacuation efficiency and safety. The experimental results reveal that the obstacle length is directly proportional to evacuation efficiency and is inversely proportional to evacuation safety. The evacuation efficiency and safety are directly proportional to the distance between the obstacle and the exit and are inversely proportional to the distance between the obstacle center and exit center. Additionally, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to optimize the layout of the indoor obstacles, and the obtained results can provide an important reference for decision-makers to balance evacuation efficiency and safety.