太赫兹超材料生物检测应用研究进展

超材料作为一种具备超常物理性质的人工复合材料，能够突破常规材料的限制，为设计先进功能材料开辟一种全新的思路。太赫兹波由于具有光子能量低、对生物物质无电离损害和分子指纹谱等特性，通过与超材料结合，可实现对生物物质高灵敏检测，越来越受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文总结了近几年来太赫兹超材料传感器在生物分子和细胞检测领域上取得的进展，首先介绍了太赫兹超材料传感器的传感原理和性能指标，其次从超材料结构设计、衬底选择、以及与微流控和新材料结合等方面阐述了太赫兹超材料传感器在生物检测领域的发展。通过对超材料结构进行优化、采用低介电常数薄型衬底、结合微流控技术或在传感器上粘附新材料涂层，可进一步提高超材料传感器的灵敏度，并丰富其在生物医学检测上的功能。最后，对太赫兹超材料传感器的发展趋势和前景进行了展望。

Research progress of terahertz metamaterials in biological detection applications

As an artificial composite material with extraordinary physical properties, metamaterials can break through the limitations of conventional materials and open up a new way to design advanced functional materials. Terahertz waves have the characteristics of low photon energy, no ionization damage to biological substances, and molecular fingerprints etc. By combining with metamaterials, high-sensitivity detection of biological substances can be achieved, and it has attracted more and more attention from scholars at home and abroad. This article summarizes the progress made by terahertz metamaterial sensors in the field of biomolecule and cell detection in recent years. Firstly, the sensing principle and performance indices of the terahertz metamaterial sensors are introduced. Secondly, the development of the terahertz metamaterial sensors in the field of biological detection is described from the aspects of metamaterial structure design, substrate selection, and combination with microfluidics and new materials. The sensitivity of the metamaterial sensors can be further improved by optimizing the structure of the metamaterial, using a thin substrate with low dielectric constant, combining microfluidic technology or attaching a new material coating to the sensor, and their functions in biomedical detection can be enriched. Finally, the development trend and prospect of terahertz metamaterial sensors are envisioned.