碳物质在固体推进剂中的功能及其作用机理

综述了碳黑（CB）、富勒烯烟炱（FS）、C60（Buckmister Fuller）、碳纤维（CF）及碳纳米管（CNTs）在固体推进剂催化燃烧中的作用、作用规律及作用机理。在双基系推进剂中加入碳黑和C60可富集催化剂，阻滞催化剂凝聚，使双基推进剂产生平台或麦撒效应，推进剂压力指数降低，低压下的燃速大幅度提高。碳纤维改善了推进剂燃烧表面的导热，增加了推进剂基体强度，可提高其燃速，预防复合推进剂的破裂。推进剂中的碳纤维、碳纳米管能加速含能材料的分解，提高推进剂的燃速。展望了固体推进剂中碳物质的发展方向。

Function of Carbon Materials Used in Solid Propellants and Their Action Mechanism

The function in catalyzing combustion,action mechanism and action rules of carbon black,C_(60),fullerene soot,carbon fiber and carbon nanotube in solid propellants are summarized.It is found that the carbon black and C_(60) in double base(DB)or composite modified double base(CMDB) propellant can enrich catalyst,prevent catalysts from conglomerating and make double base systematic propellant produce plateau or mesa effect,the pressure exponent of double base systematic propellant reduce and the burning rate at low pressure of double base systematic propellant enhance evidently.The carbon fiber improves the conduction of heat exchange,increases intensity of propellant,enhances the burning rate of propellant and prevents propellant from cracking.The carbon fiber and carbon nanotube in propellant promote the decomposition of energetic material and enhance the burning rate of composite propellant. The development direction of the carbon materials used in solid propellants is prospected.